Spring自动装配的进修
副标题#e#
在xml设置文件中,autowire有6种范例,可以在<bean/>元素中利用autowire属性指定:
模式 说明
no 不利用自动装配,必需通过ref元素指定依赖,默认配置。
byName 按照属性名自动装配。此选项将查抄容器并按照名字查找与
属性完全一致的bean,并将其与属性自动装配。
byType 假如容器中存在一个与指定属性范例沟通的bean,那么将与
该属性自动装配;假如存在多个该范例bean,那么抛出异常,并指出不能利用byType方法举办自动装配;假如没有找到相匹配的bean,则什么事都不产生,也可以通过配置dependency-check="objects"让Spring抛出异常。
constructor与byType方法雷同,差异之处在于它应用于结构器参数。假如容器中没有找到与结构器参数范例一致的bean,那么抛出异常。
autodetect通过bean类的自省机制(introspection)来抉择是利用constructor照旧byType方法举办自动装配。假如发明默认的结构器,那么将利用byType方法。
default
看代码:
Computer.java
package com.redoffice;
public class Computer {
private Host host;
private Display display;
public Computer(){
}
public Computer(Host host, Display display) {
super();
this.host = host;
this.display = display;
}
public void run(){
System.out.println();
System.out.print(" "+host.run()+",");
System.out.println(display.run());
}
public Host getHost() {
return host;
}
public void setHost(Host host) {
this.host = host;
}
public Display getDisplay() {
return display;
}
public void setDisplay(Display display) {
this.display = display;
}
}
Host.java
package com.redoffice;
public class Host {
public String run() {
return "我是主机,正在运行!";
}
}
#p#副标题#e#
Display.java
package com.redoffice;
public class Display {
public String run() {
return "我是显示器,正在运行!";
}
}
TestMain.java
package com.redoffice; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TestMain { private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestMain.class); public static void main(String[] args) { PropertyConfigurator.configure("bin/log4j.properties"); log.debug("entering main method"); ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml"); //byName Computer computer1 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer1"); System.out.println("autowire=\"byName\":"); computer1.run(); //byType Computer computer2 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer2"); System.out.println("autowire=\"byType\":"); computer2.run(); //default Computer computer3 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer3"); System.out.println("autowire=\"default\":"); computer3.run(); //autodetect Computer computer4 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer4"); System.out.println("autowire=\"autodetect\":"); computer4.run(); //constructor Computer computer5 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer5"); System.out.println("autowire=\"constructor\":"); computer5.run(); //no Computer computer6 = (Computer)ac.getBean("computer6"); System.out.println("autowire=\"no\":"); computer6.run(); log.debug("leaving main method"); } }
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"
default-autowire="autodetect">
<bean id="host" name="host" class="com.redoffice.Host"></bean>
<bean id="display" name="display" class="com.redoffice.Display"></bean>
<!-- autowire有no,constructor,byName,byType,default,autodetect几种状况 -->
<bean id="computer1" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="computer2" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="byType"></bean>
<bean id="computer3" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="default"></bean>
<bean id="computer4" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="autodetect"></bean>
<!-- 在Computer类中必需有一个无参和有参的结构函数,不然报错 -->
<bean id="computer5" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="constructor">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<ref bean="host"/>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<ref bean="display"/>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="computer6" class="com.redoffice.Computer" autowire="no">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<ref bean="host"/>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<ref bean="display"/>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
但愿有什么差池的处所多多指教。