操作Java实现串口全双工通讯
副标题#e#
一个嵌入式系统凡是需要通过串口与其主控系统举办全双工通讯,譬如一个流水线节制系统需要不绝的接管从主控系统发送来的查询和节制信息,并将执行功效或查询功效发送回主控系统。本文先容了一个简朴的通过串话柄现全双工通讯的Java类库,该类库大大的简化了对串口举办操纵的进程。
本类库主要包罗:SerialBean.java (与其他应用措施的接口), SerialBuffer.java(用来生存从串口所吸收数据的缓冲区), ReadSerial.java (从串口读取数据的措施)。别的本类库还提供了一个例程SerialExample.java 作为示范。在下面的内容中将逐一对这几个部门举办具体先容。
1.SerialBean
SerialBean是本类库与其他应用措施的接口。该类库中界说了SerialBean的结构要领以及初始化串口,从串口读取数据,往串口写入数据以及封锁串口的函数。详细先容如下:
public SerialBean(int PortID)
本函数结构一个指向特定串口的SerialBean,该串口由参数PortID所指定。PortID = 1 暗示COM1,PortID = 2 暗示COM2,由此类推。
public int Initialize()
本函数初始化所指定的串口并返回初始化功效。假如初始化乐成返回1,不然返回-1。初始化的功效是该串口被SerialBean独有性利用,其参数被配置为9600, N, 8, 1。假如串口被乐成初始化,则打开一个历程读取从串口传入的数据并将其生存在缓冲区中。
public String ReadPort(int Length)
本函数从串口(缓冲区)中读取指定长度的一个字符串。参数Length指定所返回字符串的长度。
public void WritePort(String Msg)
本函数向串口发送一个字符串。参数Msg是需要发送的字符串。
public void ClosePort()
本函数遏制串口检测历程并封锁串口。
#p#副标题#e#
SerialBean的源代码如下:
package serial;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.comm.*;
/**
*
* This bean provides some basic functions to implement full dulplex
* information exchange through the srial port.
*
*/
public class SerialBean
{
static String PortName;
CommPortIdentifier portId;
SerialPort serialPort;
static OutputStream out;
static InputStream in;
SerialBuffer SB;
ReadSerial RT;
/**
*
* Constructor
*
* @param PortID the ID of the serial to be used.1 for COM1,
* 2 for COM2, etc.
*
*/
public SerialBean(int PortID)
{
PortName = "COM" + PortID;
}
/**
*
* This function initialize the serial port for communication.It starts a
* thread which consistently monitors the serial port.Any signal captured
* from the serial port is stored into a buffer area.
*
*/
public int Initialize()
{
int InitSuccess = 1;
int InitFail = -1;
try
{
portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(PortName);
try
{
serialPort = (SerialPort)
portId.open("Serial_Communication", 2000);
} catch (PortInUseException e)
{
return InitFail;
}
//Use InputStream in to read from the serial port, and OutputStream
//out to write to the serial port.
try
{
in = serialPort.getInputStream();
out = serialPort.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e)
{
return InitFail;
}
//Initialize the communication parameters to 9600, 8, 1, none.
try
{
serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600,
SerialPort.DATABITS_8,
SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e)
{
return InitFail;
}
} catch (NoSuchPortException e)
{
return InitFail;
}
// when successfully open the serial port, create a new serial buffer,
// then create a thread that consistently accepts incoming signals from
// the serial port.Incoming signals are stored in the serial buffer.
SB = new SerialBuffer();
RT = new ReadSerial(SB, in);
RT.start();
// return success information
return InitSuccess;
}
/**
*
* This function returns a string with a certain length from the incoming
* messages.
*
* @param Length The length of the string to be returned.
*
*/
public String ReadPort(int Length)
{
String Msg;
Msg = SB.GetMsg(Length);
return Msg;
}
/**
*
* This function sends a message through the serial port.
*
* @param Msg The string to be sent.
*
*/
public void WritePort(String Msg)
{
int c;
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < Msg.length(); i++)
out.write(Msg.charAt(i));
} catch (IOException e) {}
}
/**
*
* This function closes the serial port in use.
*
*/
public void ClosePort()
{
RT.stop();
serialPort.close();
}
}
2.SerialBuffer
SerialBuffer是本类库中所界说的串口缓冲区,它界说了往该缓冲区中写入数据和从该缓冲区中读取数据所需要的函数。
public synchronized String GetMsg(int Length)
本函数从串口(缓冲区)中读取指定长度的一个字符串。参数Length指定所返回字符串的长度。
public synchronized void PutChar(int c)
本函数望串口缓冲区中写入一个字符,参数c 是需要写入的字符。
#p#分页标题#e#
在往缓冲区写入数据可能是从缓冲区读取数据的时候,必需担保数据的同步,因此GetMsg和PutChar函数均被声明为synchronized并在详细实现中采法子实现的数据的同步。
SerialBuffer的源代码如下:
package serial;
/**
*
* This class implements the buffer area to store incoming data from the serial
* port.
*
*/
public class SerialBuffer
{
private String Content = "";
private String CurrentMsg, TempContent;
private boolean available = false;
private int LengthNeeded = 1;
/**
*
* This function returns a string with a certain length from the incoming
* messages.
*
* @param Length The length of the string to be returned.
*
*/
public synchronized String GetMsg(int Length)
{
LengthNeeded = Length;
notifyAll();
if (LengthNeeded > Content.length())
{
available = false;
while (available == false)
{
try
{
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }
}
}
CurrentMsg = Content.substring(0, LengthNeeded);
TempContent = Content.substring(LengthNeeded);
Content = TempContent;
LengthNeeded = 1;
notifyAll();
return CurrentMsg;
}
/**
*
* This function stores a character captured from the serial port to the
* buffer area.
*
* @param t The char value of the character to be stored.
*
*/
public synchronized void PutChar(int c)
{
Character d = new Character((char) c);
Content = Content.concat(d.toString());
if (LengthNeeded < Content.length())
{
available = true;
}
notifyAll();
}
}
3.ReadSerial
ReadSerial是一个历程,它不绝的从指定的串口读取数据并将其存放到缓冲区中。
public ReadSerial(SerialBuffer SB, InputStream Port)
本函数结构一个ReadSerial历程,参数SB指定存放传入数据的缓冲区,参数Port指定从串口所吸收的数据流。
public void run()
ReadSerial历程的主函数,它不绝的从指定的串口读取数据并将其存放到缓冲区中。
ReadSerial的源代码如下:
package serial;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
* This class reads message from the specific serial port and save
* the message to the serial buffer.
*
*/
public class ReadSerial extends Thread
{
private SerialBuffer ComBuffer;
private InputStream ComPort;
/**
*
* Constructor
*
* @param SB The buffer to save the incoming messages.
* @param Port The InputStream from the specific serial port.
*
*/
public ReadSerial(SerialBuffer SB, InputStream Port)
{
ComBuffer = SB;
ComPort = Port;
}
public void run()
{
int c;
try
{
while (true)
{
c = ComPort.read();
ComBuffer.PutChar(c);
}
} catch (IOException e) {}
}
}
4.SerialExample
SerialExample是本类库所提供的一个例程。它所实现的成果是打开串口COM1,对其举办初始化,从串口读取信息对其举办处理惩罚后将处理惩罚功效发送到串口。
#p#分页标题#e#
import serial.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
* This is an example of how to use the SerialBean.It opens COM1 and reads
* six messages with different length form the serial port.
*
*/
class SerialExample
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//TO DO: Add your JAVA codes here
SerialBean SB = new SerialBean(1);
String Msg;
SB.Initialize();
for (int i = 5; i <= 10; i++)
{
Msg = SB.ReadPort(i);
SB.WritePort("Reply: " + Msg);
}
SB.ClosePort();
}
}
5.编译与调试
本类库中利用了Java Communication API (javax.comm)。这是一个Java扩展类库,并不包罗在尺度的Java SDK傍边。假如你尚未安装这个扩展类库的话,你应该从Sun公司的Java站点下载这个类库并将其安装在你的系统上。在所下载的包内里包罗一个安装说明,假如你没有正确安装这个类库及其运行情况的话,运行这个措施的时候你会找不到串口。
正确安装Java Communication API并将上述措施编译通过今后,你可以按如下要领测试这个措施。假如你只有一台呆板,你可以操作一条RS-232电缆将COM1和COM2毗连起来,在COM1上运行SerialExample,在COM2上运行Windows提供的超等终端措施。假如你有两台呆板的话,你可以操作一条RS-232电缆将两台呆板的COM1(可能是COM2)毗连起来,在一端运行例程,别的一端运行Windows提供的超等终端措施。假如有须要的
话,可以对SerialExample中所声明的串口举办相应窜改。
本措施在Windows 2000 + Java SDK 1.3情况下编译通过并乐成运行。