Java加密技能(二)
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2019-06-14

Java加密技能(二)

Java加密技能(二)

副标题#e#

接下来我们介绍对称加密算法,最常用的莫过于DES数据加密算法。

DES

DES-Data Encryption Standard,即数据加密算法。是IBM公司于1975年研究成功并公开发表的。DES算法的入口参数有三个:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key为8个字节共64位,是DES算法的工作密钥;Data也为8个字节64位,是要被加密或被解密的数据;Mode为DES的工作方式,有两种:加密或解密。

DES算法把64位的明文输入块变为64位的密文输出块,它所使用的密钥也是64位。

Java加密技能(二)

通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)


#p#副标题#e#

Java代码

import java.security.Key;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;

/**
  * DES安全编码组件
  *
  * <pre>
  * 支持 DES、DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)
  * DES
key size must be equal to 56
  * DESede(TripleDES)
key size must be equal to 112 or 168
  * AES
key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
  * Blowfish
key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
  * RC2
key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  * RC4(ARCFOUR)
key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  * 具体内容 需要关注 JDK Document http://.../docs/technotes/guides/security/SunProviders.html
  * </pre>
  *
  * @author 梁栋
  * @version 1.0
  * @since 1.0
  */
public abstract class DESCoder extends Coder {
/**
  * ALGORITHM 算法 <br>
  * 可替换为以下任意一种算法,同时key值的size相应改变。
  *
  * <pre>
  * DES
key size must be equal to 56
  * DESede(TripleDES)
key size must be equal to 112 or 168
  * AES
key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
  * Blowfish
key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
  * RC2
key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  * RC4(ARCFOUR)
key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  * </pre>
  *
  * 在Key toKey(byte[] key)方法中使用下述代码
  * <code>SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);</code> 替换
  * <code>
  * DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
  * SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
  * SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
  * </code>
  */
public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES";

/**
  * 转换密钥<br>
  *
  * @param key
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
private static Key toKey(byte[] key) throws Exception {
DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);

// 当使用其他对称加密算法时,如AES、Blowfish等算法时,用下述代码替换上述三行代码
// SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);

return secretKey;
}

/**
  * 解密
  *
  * @param data
  * @param key
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k);

return cipher.doFinal(data);
}

/**
  * 加密
  *
  * @param data
  * @param key
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k);

return cipher.doFinal(data);
}

/**
  * 生成密钥
  *
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
public static String initKey() throws Exception {
return initKey(null);
}

/**
  * 生成密钥
  *
  * @param seed
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
public static String initKey(String seed) throws Exception {
SecureRandom secureRandom = null;

if (seed != null) {

secureRandom = new SecureRandom(decryptBASE64(seed));
} else {

secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
}

KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
kg.init(secureRandom);

SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey();

return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
}
}

#p#副标题#e#

延续上一个类的实现,我们通过MD5以及SHA对字符串加密生成密钥,这是比较常见的密钥生成方式。

再给出一个测试类:

#p#分页标题#e#

Java代码

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
/** *//**
 *
 * @author by http://www.bt285.cn http://www.5a520.cn
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class DESCoderTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        String inputStr = "DES";
        String key = DESCoder.initKey();
        System.err.println("原文:\t" + inputStr);
        System.err.println("密钥:\t" + key);
        byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();
        inputData = DESCoder.encrypt(inputData, key);
        System.err.println("加密后:\t" + DESCoder.encryptBASE64(inputData));
        byte[] outputData = DESCoder.decrypt(inputData, key);
        String outputStr = new String(outputData);
        System.err.println("解密后:\t" + outputStr);
        assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
    }
}

得到的输出内容如下:

Console代码

原文:
DES
密钥:
f3wEtRrV6q0=
加密后:
C6qe9oNIzRY=
解密后:
DES

由控制台得到的输出,我们能够比对加密、解密后结果一致。这是一种简单的加密解密方式,只有一个密钥。

其实DES有很多同胞兄弟,如DESede(TripleDES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)。这里就不过多阐述了,大同小异,只要换掉ALGORITHM换成对应的值,同时做一个代码替换SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);就可以了,此外就是密钥长度不同了。

Java代码

/**
  * DES     key size must be equal to 56
  * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
  * AES     key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
  * Blowfish   key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
  * RC2     key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bitS
  **/

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