Python生成验证码实例讲授
在web开拓中常常用到验证码,为了防备呆板人注册可能恶意登岸和查询等,浸染不容小觑
可是验证码其实不是一个函数就能搞定的,它需要生成图片和水印,其实每种语言都有相关的函数生成图片和文字水印。包罗我熟悉的php,呵呵,本日主要来分享如何用python生成验证码。
python生成验证码主要用到如下模块:Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter和随机数生成模块Random。
代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import random import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter _letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy" # 小写字母,去除大概滋扰的i,l,o,z _upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper() # 大写字母 _numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10))) # 数字 init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers)) fontType="/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSans.ttf" def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30), chars=init_chars, img_type="GIF", mode="RGB", bg_color=(255, 255, 255), fg_color=(0, 0, 255), font_size=18, font_type=fontType, length=4, draw_lines=True, n_line=(1, 2), draw_points=True, point_chance = 2): ''' @todo: 生成验证码图片 @param size: 图片的巨细,名目(宽,高),默认为(120, 30) @param chars: 答允的字符荟萃,名目字符串 @param img_type: 图片生存的名目,默认为GIF,可选的为GIF,JPEG,TIFF,PNG @param mode: 图片模式,默认为RGB @param bg_color: 配景颜色,默认为白色 @param fg_color: 前景致,验证码字符颜色,默认为蓝色#0000FF @param font_size: 验证码字体巨细 @param font_type: 验证码字体,默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf @param length: 验证码字符个数 @param draw_lines: 是否划滋扰线 @param n_lines: 滋扰线的条数范畴,名目元组,默认为(1, 2),只有draw_lines为True时有效 @param draw_points: 是否画滋扰点 @param point_chance: 滋扰点呈现的概率,巨细范畴[0, 100] @return: [0]: PIL Image实例 @return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串 ''' width, height = size # 宽, 高 img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 建设图形 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 建设画笔 if draw_lines: create_lines(draw,n_line,width,height) if draw_points: create_points(draw,point_chance,width,height) strs = create_strs(draw,chars,length,font_type, font_size,width,height,fg_color) # 图形扭曲参数 params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100, 0, 0, 0, 1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100, float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500, 0.001, float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500 ] img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 建设扭曲 img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜,界线增强(阈值更大) return img, strs def create_lines(draw,n_line,width,height): '''绘制滋扰线''' line_num = random.randint(n_line[0],n_line[1]) # 滋扰线条数 for i in range(line_num): # 起始点 begin = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)) #竣事点 end = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)) draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0)) def create_points(draw,point_chance,width,height): '''绘制滋扰点''' chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 巨细限制在[0, 100] for w in xrange(width): for h in xrange(height): tmp = random.randint(0, 100) if tmp > 100 - chance: draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0)) def create_strs(draw,chars,length,font_type, font_size,width,height,fg_color): '''绘制验证码字符''' '''生成给定长度的字符串,返回列表名目''' c_chars = random.sample(chars, length) strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格离隔 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size) font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs) draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),strs, font=font, fill=fg_color) return ''.join(c_chars) if __name__ == "__main__": code_img = create_validate_code() code_img[0].save("validate.gif", "GIF") print code_img[1]